root/trunk/matml/transport/pedagogy/TMS2004ACP/talk.mgp

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Transport Education in the Materials Curriculum: Innovative Approaches, Exercises, and New Challenges

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March 17, 2004


Adam Powell, MIT

Department of Materials Science and Engineering


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Transport Education in the Materials Curriculum: Innovative Approaches, Exercises, and New Challenges


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Overview:

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        Brief symposium introduction
        Transport course structure and individual topics
        Materials Digital Library, transport materials
        Materials processing in a New Curriculum


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Transport Phenomena Education



Brainstorm with Matt Krane Fall, 2002

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Shared challenges, frustrations, methods

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Let's get everyone in the same room and talk!

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With Thanks


Julian Szekely 1934-1995

Advisor, mentor, friend,
pioneer in transport phenomena education


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Teaching assistants:
David Dussault, Adam Nolte, Bo Zhou, Albert Lok

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Challenges


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This course has had a reputation for being the hardest course in the undergraduate core...

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... for the last twenty years!


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Why?

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Asked to cover as much in one semester as most other engineering departments teach in two

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General Approach

Start each lecture with a motivating example
        Make the derivations and mathematics interesting and relevant

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Start each derivation with the word equation:
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accumulation = in - out + generation
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e.g. heat conduction:
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%image "heatbal.png"
%image "heatcons.png"
%image "heatgen.png"

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Order of Topics


        Traditional order (BSL, etc.):
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Fluids -> Heat transfer -> Diffusion

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        Materials-focused order:
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Diffusion -> Heat conduction ->
Fluids -> Heat and mass transfer

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Introduce methodology using a familiar topic
Build complexity with heat conduction
Three dimensional transport in fluid flow

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Topics, Connections

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Diffusion
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Steady solutions:
        Linear
        Parabolic
Trans. solutions:
        Error function
        Gaussian
        Fourier series
Timescale:
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Dimensionless:
        Biot
        Damkohler
Moving boundary:
        oxidation

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Heat Conduction
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%image "heateq.png"
New solutions:
        Dimensionless cooling curves
        Lumped param.
        Finite difference
Timescale:
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Dimensionless:
        Biot
        Fourier
Solid convection
Radiation
Melting, evaporation
Moving boundary:
        solidification

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Fluid Flow
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New solutions:
        Channel, tube
        Inclined plane
        Non-Newtonian
Timescale:
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Dimensionless:
        Reynolds
        Froude
        Friction factor
Convection!
Boundary layers
Turbulence
Bernoulli

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Coupled Transport
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        Heat and mass convection
        Thermal, solutal boundary layers
        Heat and mass transfer coeffs.
        Free convection
Dimensionless:
        Prandtl
        Peclet
        Grashof
        Nusselt
Batch and continuous flow reactors
        Plug flow
        CSTR
        Dead zones

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Boundary Layers

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Conduction in moving solid
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Steady-state, 
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1% BL profile:
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Flow past a flat plate
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1% BL profile:
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Why 5.0, not 3.6?
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Continuity: y-veloc > 0,
carries slow fluid upward
Convective momentum transport!

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Grashof, Nusselt Numbers

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Flow down inclined plane
Velocity distribution:
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%image "incline.png"
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Reynolds number:
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%image "inclinere.png"
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Grashof number:
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Natural convection Reynolds number!

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Nusselt number:
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"Fluid Biot number"
Not physically satisfying

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Heat flux:
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%image "deltat.png"
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Result:
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Pedagogical Techniques

Tests as learning experiences: Double-testing
        Students correct errors in second test session
        Mean score counts toward grade
        Motivation to work in groups between sittings
        Feeling of mastry of material, more confidence

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QC: "Muddiest point in the lecture" index cards
        Students turn in cards with questions
        Immediate feedback in next lecture
        Fine-grained lecture tuning from year to year
        Responsiveness to written questions -> confidence

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Internet resources


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MIT Zephyr instant messaging instance for student questions, archived online
        Heavy use before tests

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Old website: 
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http://lyre.mit.edu/3.185/
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        Syllabus, homework, exams, handouts 1999-2002

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MIT OpenCourseWare: 
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http://ocw.mit.edu/
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        Syllabus, homework, exams, handouts 2002, 2003 coming soon

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Materials Digital Library

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A National Science Digital Library repository of materials-related educational information

Transport archive on 
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MatDL.org
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        Version-controlled archive of exercises, other handouts, courseware
        LaTeX format, postscript or PNG figures
        Correct, amend problems as necessary, server gives the latest version or any previous version
        Mix and match problems to form assignments
        Frequent contributors granted write access

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Materials Digital Library

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Future: Materials Processing

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Coming Spring 2005, part of DMSE new undergraduate curriculum

How to make a good thing better?

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Add more material!
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        Economics: technical cost modeling, life-cycle analysis, input/output modeling
        Computer modeling: finite elements

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Something has to give!

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Future: Materials Processing

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How to add more material?

        Case study format
        Less rigorous flow
        Less diffusion
        Most challenging material in follow-on elective (Bernoulli, turbulence, natural convection)

Other ideas?

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Purpose: provide skills necessary for 21st century, without sacrificing fundamentals or methodology

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Summary


        Innovations in organization, teaching specific phenomena, general pedagogy
                Always looking for new ideas!

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        Internet resources for others to download
                Future: collaborative development

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        Curriculum evolution: Materials Processing
                Adding new material
                Weave into a coherent and useful introduction

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Thank you for attending!